Understanding Reverse Osmosis: Can It Remove PFAS From Your Water?

Last Updated on November 11, 2023 by Ava

Quick answer: Reverse osmosis has shown some effectiveness in removing PFAS, but it may not completely eliminate all traces. It’s important to note that the efficiency of removal can vary depending on the specific system and conditions.

Imagine turning on your tap and unknowingly filling your glass with water that contains a cocktail of chemicals with names as complex as their molecular structures—GenX, PFBS, PFHxS, PFBA, PFOS, PFPA, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, and PFDA. These are not just random acronyms; they are members of a vast family of over 12,000 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), some of which may be flowing right out of your faucet.

With their notorious durability and the shadow they cast on public health, understanding how to remove these ‘forever chemicals’ from our drinking water is not just a matter of taste—it’s a critical health imperative. Enter reverse osmosis: a technology that might be our best bet in the filtration face-off against these persistent pollutants.

We will take you through the science of RO systems, their battle against the PFAS army, and how to choose a system that doesn’t just promise, but performs.

Key Takeaways

• PFAS are tough cookies: They resist water, oil, and heat, which is why they’re everywhere – from cookware to raincoats.
• RO systems are PFAS busters: They’re one of the few proven ways to reduce these stubborn chemicals in your water.
• Maintenance matters: Keep up with filter changes and system checks to keep your RO system in top shape.
• Installation isn’t rocket science: But it does need you to follow the manual and maybe call in a pro.
• Stay informed: Water quality isn’t static, so keep an eye on local reports and updates on water safety.
• Your choice counts: Do the legwork before you buy an RO system to make sure it’s the right fit for your home.

Are you ready to turn the tide on water contamination? Let’s dive in.

What is PFAS?

PFAS are not just another environmental buzzword; they are a group of man-made chemicals that have been used in industry and consumer goods worldwide since the 1940s. Why the concern? These chemicals stick around because they can resist oil, water, and heat. Handy in a lot of products, sure, but they don’t go away easy in nature or in us.

From the non-stick pan that makes your morning eggs to the foam that extinguishes a fire, PFAS are everywhere. But it’s their unwelcome stay in our water systems that’s sounding alarms.

The Ubiquity of PFAS: From Product to Tap

Their widespread use has led to widespread exposure, with PFAS found in the blood of people and animals across the globe and in the water supplies of countless communities (EPA.GOV). The common sources are as varied as their applications, seeping into our water from manufacturing sites, landfills, and even the very soil we walk on.

The Hidden Health Menace

The health risks of PFAS exposure are just beginning to be fully understood, but the evidence is mounting. Linked to a range of issues from cholesterol changes to immune system disruptions, and even cancer, the silent spread of PFAS into our water and bodies is a public health puzzle that we are piecing together in real-time.

Reverse Osmosis Technology

Reverse osmosis, or RO, is a big deal in clean water. It’s not just filtering; it’s like a security check for your water. The system picks what gets through, and it’s pretty picky. We’re going to look at how RO works and what makes it tick. It’s all about getting the bad stuff out, so you get the purest water possible.

The Science

The magic of RO begins with its ability to filter on a molecular scale, a process that is as close to alchemy as modern science gets:

• Pressure Application: Water molecules are driven through a semipermeable membrane by pressure, leaving less desirable particles behind.
• Molecular Filtration: The RO membrane’s tiny pores are discriminative, allowing only water to pass while blocking larger molecules.
• Contaminant Removal: This stage is crucial for reducing a variety of pollutants, including PFAS, ensuring safer drinking water.

The RO System: More Than Just a Filter

A reverse osmosis system is a fortress of purification, with each stage fortifying water quality:

• Sediment Pre-Filter: Acts as the first line of defense, capturing sediment and visible impurities that may affect the system’s efficiency.
• Carbon Filters: These stages are the system’s scouts, removing chlorine and volatile organic compounds that affect water’s taste and smell.
• RO Membrane: The core of the system, this filter is where the most significant reduction of microscopic contaminants occurs.
• Post-Filter: The final checkpoint, ensuring that the water is polished and pristine before it flows out of your tap.

RO in Action: Beyond the Kitchen Sink

​RO’s versatility in application demonstrates its value across various scales and needs:

• Home Use: An RO system can be a household’s private guardian, delivering clean water and peace of mind with every drop.
• Industrial Applications: In industries where purity is non-negotiable, RO systems are indispensable for meeting stringent quality standards.
• Municipal Water Treatment: On a larger scale, RO helps communities by providing an additional safeguard against a spectrum of waterborne contaminants.

My Experience with PFAS

When my hometown’s water report hit my desk, it read like a who’s who of PFAS compounds—names that would twist the tongue but shouldn’t tangle with our tap water. The levels were ‘legal,’ but let’s be honest, when it comes to my family’s water, ‘safe enough’ isn’t safe enough (see our water test).

We tested our water using Simplab tapscore – you can read that review here.

That’s why I turned to the big guns: the Waterdrop G3P800 reverse osmosis system. It’s a powerhouse that promises up to 99% PFAS removal, and let me tell you, it delivers. You can read our review here.

• Expert’s Choice: I chose the Waterdrop G3P800 for its sterling reputation and top-notch performance, confirmed by both research and rave reviews.
• Taste Test Passed: The first sip post-installation? It was like a new lease on life for my taste buds—crisp, clean, and untainted.

Doubling Down on Purity: My Two-Pronged Filtration Strategy

I didn’t stop at reverse osmosis. To cover all bases, I installed the Springwell CF1 whole house water filter (read here). It’s like having a security detail for your water—nothing gets past it without a thorough screening.

• Whole-House Assurance: The Springwell CF1 was my second line of defense, catching contaminants en route to my home’s water supply.
• Complete Coverage: With both systems in play, every drop in our house, from the shower to the sink, meets the ‘expert-approved’ standard for purity.

See our full list of PFAS filters.

The Inside Scoop on RO Effectiveness

As someone who eats, sleeps, and breathes water filtration, I can vouch for the RO system’s might against the tenacity of PFAS. It’s not just about removing what we know is harmful; it’s about being prepared for what’s yet to come.

• From the Field: The Waterdrop G3P800 isn’t just a product I recommend; it’s a cornerstone of my personal water strategy, backed by data and a clear conscience.
• Making the Right Call: If you’re wrestling with water worries, consider this a sign. With the right RO system, you’re not just buying a filter—you’re investing in a future of cleaner, safer water.

Limitations of Reverse Osmosis

Even the mightiest heroes have their kryptonite, and RO systems are no exception. While they’re top-notch at filtering out a wide range of contaminants, there are a few caveats I’ve learned through years of hands-on experience and study:

• Pre-filter Dependencies: The efficiency of an RO system can be compromised if pre-filters aren’t up to snuff. They need to be maintained to protect the delicate RO membrane.
• Membrane Matters: Not all RO membranes are created equal. Some are more adept at snaring PFAS than others, and the Waterdrop GP800’s membrane is one I trust.
• System Maintenance: Regular check-ups are the secret to longevity and performance. Skipping maintenance is like skipping oil changes—your system’s performance will drop, and contaminants may sneak by.

Addressing the Shortcomings Head-On

Knowing the limitations of RO technology is half the battle. Here’s how I make sure my system is always in top form:

• Regular Filter Replacement: I mark my calendar for filter changes. It’s a small step that keeps performance high and water pure.
• System Upgrades: Technology evolves, and so does my water filtration setup. Keeping abreast of the latest advancements means my system never falls behind.
• Water Testing: I test my water regularly to ensure no PFAS are playing hide-and-seek. It’s the only way to be sure.

Making the Most of Your RO System

An RO system is a formidable tool in your water filtration arsenal, but it’s not a ‘set it and forget it’ solution. Here’s my advice for keeping your system fighting fit:

• Understand Your Water: Get to know your local water report. It’ll tell you what your RO system is up against.
• Stay on Schedule: Maintenance is non-negotiable. Treat your RO system well, and it’ll return the favor.
• Consult the Pros: If you’re unsure about your system’s performance, get a professional’s opinion. Sometimes, a little expert advice can make all the difference.

Choosing the Right RO System

Choosing an RO system is a critical decision for those of us who are serious about water quality. It’s not just about the specs; it’s about finding a system that matches your specific needs. Here’s what I look for when I’m in the deep end of RO systems:

• Performance Metrics: The efficiency of PFAS removal is non-negotiable. Systems like the Waterdrop GP800 are at the top of the game, with up to 99% removal rates.
• Certifications and Claims: I look for systems with a seal of approval from NSF or WQA, which means they’ve been rigorously tested and meet strict standards for contaminant removal.
• System Capacity and Recovery Rate: The amount of clean water the system can produce daily and how much water is wasted in the process are critical factors. Efficiency is more than performance; it’s also about conservation.
• Flow Rate: A system’s flow rate will tell you how quickly you can fill a glass or pot with purified water, an essential factor for busy households.
• Water to Waste Ratio: The best RO systems have optimized their process to reduce waste, which means more clean water and less down the drain.
• Filter Lifespan: How often will you need to replace filters? I look for systems with longer-lasting filters to reduce maintenance time and cost.
• Ease of Filter Change: Some systems require a plumber for a filter change, while others are designed for DIY with minimal fuss. I always lean towards the latter for convenience and savings.

Features That Matter in the Fight Against PFAS

When it comes to locking horns with PFAS, not all RO systems are built the same. Here’s what I’ve learned to focus on after years of filtering through the options:

• Quality of Components: A system is only as good as its parts. High-quality materials in the RO membrane and filters mean better performance and longevity.
• Ease of Maintenance: I’m all for systems that make life easier. Quick-connect fittings, modular design, and clear instructions save time and headaches.
• Manufacturer Support: A responsive and supportive manufacturer can be the difference between a quick fix and a headache. I value brands that offer comprehensive support and a robust warranty.
• Contaminant Rejection Rate: It’s the percentage of contaminants the system can remove. Look for one with a high rejection rate for PFAS and other chemicals.
• Filter Lifespan and Cost: Long-term costs matter. I consider the lifespan of each filter and the cost of replacements to keep the system running efficiently.
• System Size and Installation Flexibility: Space is a premium in many homes. A compact system that fits neatly under the sink with flexible installation options is a winner in my book.
• TDS Reduction: Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) levels can tell you a lot about water quality. A system that significantly reduces TDS can lead to better tasting and purer water.

The Expert’s Checklist for RO System Shopping

When I’m on the hunt for an RO system, I bring a checklist to make sure I’m getting the best bang for my buck. Here’s what’s on it:

• Tested and Proven: I look for systems that have been put through their paces with real-world use and come out with glowing recommendations.
• A Solid Warranty: A warranty isn’t just a piece of paper; it’s a promise. I look for at least a 2-year warranty to ensure the system stands the test of time.
• Future-Proofing: I pick systems that offer upgrade options, like UV light stages or remineralization filters, so my water quality doesn’t fall behind as new contaminants emerge.
• Positive User Reviews: Nothing beats real feedback from users who have lived with the system. I scour reviews for insights into a system’s day-to-day reliability and performance.
• Environmental Impact: I consider the environmental footprint of the system. A lower water to waste ratio and energy-efficient operation are must-haves for sustainability.

Installation and Maintenance

The journey to pure water starts with proper installation. While the prospect of DIY installation can be daunting, it’s entirely feasible with a little preparation. Here’s a step-by-step approach to ensure your system starts strong:

• Read the Manual: Every model has its quirks, and the installation manual will be tailored to address these. A thorough read can save you from common pitfalls and familiarize you with the system’s needs.
• Check Components: Lay out all the parts and cross-reference with the inventory list provided. This not only helps in organizing your workflow but also ensures that you’re not midway through installation before discovering something’s amiss.
• Plan the Space: Evaluate the area under your sink. You’ll need enough room to fit the system and allow for airflow, as well as ease of access for future maintenance. Consider the path of the pipes and where you can best place the faucet for daily use.
• Pressure and Plumbing: Verify that your home’s water pressure is within the operating range for your RO system. If it’s too low, you may need a booster pump. If plumbing isn’t your forte, hiring a professional can prevent potential leaks and long-term damage from incorrect installation.

Maintenance to Maintain Purity

Regular maintenance is the key to consistent water quality and the longevity of your RO system. Here’s how to keep your system in top shape:

• Filter Changes: Each filter in your RO system has a lifespan. Postpone their replacement, and you risk contaminant breakthrough and reduced water quality. Set reminders for yourself to order and replace filters on schedule.
• System Sanitization: Over time, RO systems can become a breeding ground for bacteria. Annual sanitization is recommended to keep your water safe. This typically involves running a sanitizing solution through the system to clean out any microbial buildup.
• Membrane Care: The semi-permeable membrane in your RO system does the heavy lifting. To prevent fouling and maintain efficiency, flush the membrane periodically and replace it every 2-3 years, or as advised by the manufacturer, depending on your water usage and quality.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

Even with meticulous maintenance, issues can arise. Here’s how to identify and fix the most common problems:

• Low Water Flow: Start by checking for the simplest solutions: replace filters if they’re due, ensure water pressure is adequate, and look for any kinks in the system’s lines. If these don’t resolve the issue, it may be time to consult the manual or reach out to customer support.
• Leaks: Regularly inspect your system for any moisture or drips. Early detection of leaks can prevent water damage and system failure. Make sure all connections are secure and replace any worn seals or O-rings immediately.
• Taste and Odor Issues: Changes in water taste or odor can indicate it’s time to change your filters. If swapping in new filters doesn’t clear up the problem, you might be looking at a bigger glitch or it’s time for a good system scrub-down.

Expert Tips for Optimal Performance

To ensure your RO system operates at peak performance, consider these expert tips:

• Keep a Log: A detailed log of maintenance, filter changes, and any issues encountered with your system can be invaluable. Keeping a log helps you see how your system’s holding up over time, so you can make smart calls on when to tweak or fix things up.
• Upgrade When Needed: As your water filtration needs change or as new filtration technologies emerge, be open to upgrading your system components. This could mean adding additional stages of filtration or incorporating new types of filters that have become available.
• Stay Informed: Keep abreast of local water quality reports and emerging contaminants to ensure your RO system is still appropriate for your area’s conditions. Staying informed helps you anticipate and react to new water quality challenges.

Bottom Line

As we wrap up, remember: the water we drink needs to be as clean as the air we breathe. In my own home, reverse osmosis is the guardian at the tap, ensuring that my family’s water is free from PFAS. I lean on my RO system a lot. It’s not just about how well it works, but also about sleeping better knowing my water’s clean.

Installing and maintaining an RO system might seem like a task, but it’s a simple act of care for something so vital. And while no system is a silver bullet, regular upkeep is a small price for a safer sip of water.

So, take the plunge. Do your digging, challenge the claims, and trust your gut when picking a system. Because, at the end of the day, water is more than a convenience—it’s the foundation of our health.